The rule of Septimus Severus ended a period called "the Year of the 5 Emperors," 192-193 AD, and his military acuity played a great part in its end, although he did not become emperor until 196. The military campaigns preceding his nomination all involved others who had claimed the imperial title. Septimus Severus spent most of his reign continuing to fight, defeating political enemies and securing territory. Known for cruelty as well as ability, he presided over civilian massacres in Mesopotamia and Britain as well as military victories.
Severan coinage reflects his career. It collectable abundance signals good supplies of metal, a problem that plagued the later empire. Reverses show traditional symbols: the military eagle and figures embodying Roman virtues. Later coins show Severus on horseback, his wife and sons, and recognition of his African heritage in the figure of an elephant.