The adopted son of Julius Caesar, Octavius is known as the first Roman emperor and the creator of the imperial structure that served its rulers for more than 300 years. Augustus came to fame through his leadership of the army pursuing and eventually defeating Julius Caesar's assassins and transformed the strife-ridden republic into a stable empire. Finally elevated as sole leader in 27 BC (17 years after Caesar's death), Augustus reformed both military and civil administrations, introducing regular pay and limited terms of service, punishing corruption and rewarding compliance with new laws.
His vision brought the Pax Romana--also known as the Pax Augusta.
Augustus' balance of absolute power and senate demands is displayed on the large amount of coinage labelled SC, Senatus Consulto--a conventional endorsement of the coinage issue, but in this case, a constant reminder of the source of Augustan power. Other reverses often show shields and other implements of war--a reminder of the price paid for imperial peace and stability.
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